磁性材料是许多技术的重要组成部分，可以推动生态过渡，包括电动机，风力涡轮机发生器和磁性制冷系统。因此，发现具有大磁矩的材料是越来越优先的。在这里，使用最先进的机器学习方法，我们扫描数十万现有材料的无机晶体结构数据库（ICSD），以找到那些铁磁并具有大的磁矩。晶体图卷积神经网络（CGCNN），材料图网络（MEGNET）和随机森林都培训了包含高吞吐量DFT预测结果的材料项目数据库。对于随机林，我们使用随机方法选择基于化学成分和晶体结构的近百个相关描述符。事实证明，为测试集提供与神经网络相当的测试集。这些不同机器学习方法之间的比较给出了对ICSD数据库预测的错误的估计。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

We present a machine-learning framework to accurately characterize morphologies of Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) host galaxies within $z<1$. We first use PSFGAN to decouple host galaxy light from the central point source, then we invoke the Galaxy Morphology Network (GaMorNet) to estimate whether the host galaxy is disk-dominated, bulge-dominated, or indeterminate. Using optical images from five bands of the HSC Wide Survey, we build models independently in three redshift bins: low $(0<z<0.25)$, medium $(0.25<z<0.5)$, and high $(0.5<z<1.0)$. By first training on a large number of simulated galaxies, then fine-tuning using far fewer classified real galaxies, our framework predicts the actual morphology for $\sim$ $60\%-70\%$ host galaxies from test sets, with a classification precision of $\sim$ $80\%-95\%$, depending on redshift bin. Specifically, our models achieve disk precision of $96\%/82\%/79\%$ and bulge precision of $90\%/90\%/80\%$ (for the 3 redshift bins), at thresholds corresponding to indeterminate fractions of $30\%/43\%/42\%$. The classification precision of our models has a noticeable dependency on host galaxy radius and magnitude. No strong dependency is observed on contrast ratio. Comparing classifications of real AGNs, our models agree well with traditional 2D fitting with GALFIT. The PSFGAN+GaMorNet framework does not depend on the choice of fitting functions or galaxy-related input parameters, runs orders of magnitude faster than GALFIT, and is easily generalizable via transfer learning, making it an ideal tool for studying AGN host galaxy morphology in forthcoming large imaging survey.

We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.

Computer vision and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in computer-assisted diagnosis; however, the application of deep learning to medical imaging has challenges in data availability and data imbalance, and it is especially important that models for medical imaging are built to be trustworthy. Therefore, we propose TRUDLMIA, a trustworthy deep learning framework for medical image analysis, which adopts a modular design, leverages self-supervised pre-training, and utilizes a novel surrogate loss function. Experimental evaluations indicate that models generated from the framework are both trustworthy and high-performing. It is anticipated that the framework will support researchers and clinicians in advancing the use of deep learning for dealing with public health crises including COVID-19.

This white paper lays out a vision of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence for the next decade (and beyond). Its denouement is a cyber-physical ecosystem of natural and synthetic sense-making, in which humans are integral participants$\unicode{x2014}$what we call ''shared intelligence''. This vision is premised on active inference, a formulation of adaptive behavior that can be read as a physics of intelligence, and which inherits from the physics of self-organization. In this context, we understand intelligence as the capacity to accumulate evidence for a generative model of one's sensed world$\unicode{x2014}$also known as self-evidencing. Formally, this corresponds to maximizing (Bayesian) model evidence, via belief updating over several scales: i.e., inference, learning, and model selection. Operationally, this self-evidencing can be realized via (variational) message passing or belief propagation on a factor graph. Crucially, active inference foregrounds an existential imperative of intelligent systems; namely, curiosity or the resolution of uncertainty. This same imperative underwrites belief sharing in ensembles of agents, in which certain aspects (i.e., factors) of each agent's generative world model provide a common ground or frame of reference. Active inference plays a foundational role in this ecology of belief sharing$\unicode{x2014}$leading to a formal account of collective intelligence that rests on shared narratives and goals. We also consider the kinds of communication protocols that must be developed to enable such an ecosystem of intelligences and motivate the development of a shared hyper-spatial modeling language and transaction protocol, as a first$\unicode{x2014}$and key$\unicode{x2014}$step towards such an ecology.

We present a unified and compact representation for object rendering, 3D reconstruction, and grasp pose prediction that can be inferred from a single image within a few seconds. We achieve this by leveraging recent advances in the Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) literature that learn category-level priors and fine-tune on novel objects with minimal data and time. Our insight is that we can learn a compact shape representation and extract meaningful additional information from it, such as grasping poses. We believe this to be the first work to retrieve grasping poses directly from a NeRF-based representation using a single viewpoint (RGB-only), rather than going through a secondary network and/or representation. When compared to prior art, our method is two to three orders of magnitude smaller while achieving comparable performance at view reconstruction and grasping. Accompanying our method, we also propose a new dataset of rendered shoes for training a sim-2-real NeRF method with grasping poses for different widths of grippers.

任务计划可能需要定义有关机器人需要采取行动的世界的无数领域知识。为了改善这项工作，可以使用大型语言模型（LLM）在任务计划期间为潜在的下一个操作评分，甚至直接生成动作序列，鉴于没有其他域信息的自然语言指令。但是，这样的方法要么需要列举所有可能的下一步评分，要么生成可能包含在当前机器人中给定机器人上不可能操作的自由形式文本。我们提出了一个程序化的LLM提示结构，该结构能够跨越位置环境，机器人功能和任务的计划生成功能。我们的关键见解是提示LLM具有环境中可用操作和对象的类似程序的规格，以及可以执行的示例程序。我们通过消融实验提出了有关迅速结构和生成约束的具体建议，证明了虚拟屋家庭任务中最先进的成功率，并将我们的方法部署在桌面任务的物理机器人组上。网站progprompt.github.io

建立具有可信赖性的AI模型非常重要，尤其是在医疗保健等受监管的地区。在解决Covid-19时，以前的工作将卷积神经网络用作骨干建筑，该骨干建筑物易于过度宣告和过度自信做出决策，使它们不那么值得信赖 - 在医学成像背景下的关键缺陷。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种使用视觉变压器的功能学习方法，该方法使用基于注意力的机制，并检查变形金刚作为医学成像的新骨干结构的表示能力。通过对COVID-19胸部X光片进行分类的任务，我们研究了概括能力是否仅从视觉变形金刚的建筑进步中受益。通过使用“信任评分”计算和视觉解释性技术，对模型的可信度进行了定量和定性评估。我们得出的结论是，基于注意力的特征学习方法在建立可信赖的医疗保健深度学习模型方面有希望。

我们介绍了一种基于在随机两部分图上解决约束满意度问题（CSP）生成随机多量稳定器代码的方法。该框架使我们能够在CSP中同时执行稳定器换向，X/Z平衡，有限速度，稀疏性和最大程度约束，然后我们可以通过数值求解。使用最先进的CSP求解器，我们获得了令人信服的证据，证明存在令人满意的阈值。此外，可令人满意的阶段的程度随量子数的数量增加。在那个阶段，查找稀疏代码成为一个容易的问题。此外，我们观察到，在令人满意的相中发现的稀疏代码实际上实现了擦除噪声的通道容量。我们的结果表明，中型有限速率稀疏量子代码很容易找到，同时还展示了一种灵活的方法，用于生成具有自定义属性的良好代码。因此，我们为随机量子代码发现建立了一个完整且可自定义的管道，该管道可用于接近中期量子处理器布局。